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dimanche, 09 juillet 2017 18:28

Le changement

Tous les humains disent vouloir le changement. Tous disent vouloir obtenir un ou des changements. Mais, comme nous le disions plus haut, la confusion est une tendance récurrente dans toutes les activités humaines. Et cette confusion, comme nous allons le voir, s’applique aussi au terme même de « changement ».

On peut relever le fait étonnant, qui est que, sur des mots aussi pleins de sens, aussi fondamentaux pour l’être humain que les mots “esprit”, “âme”, “intelligence”, “intellect”, “entendement”, “raison”, et bien d’autres, il n’y a pas de consensus quant à leur définition parmi ceux qui les utilisent. Ces mots sont amplement utilisés par tout le monde, ils font partie aussi bien du langage commun que du langage spécialisé. On pourrait croire qu’il existe un accord tacite sur le sens de ces mots et que ceux qui emploient ces termes sont bien en train de parler de la même chose; il n’en est rien. Qui plus est, les philosophes, les penseurs et les mystiques de tous les temps ont souvent utilisé un mot pour l’autre, les uns, par exemple désignant comme âme ce que les autres définissent comme esprit, et réciproquement. Sur des mots aussi chargés de sens, la porte est grande ouverte à la confusion et à la méprise. On connaît l’histoire biblique de la tour de Babel, équivalent pour les langues de la diffraction de la lumière blanche en une infinité de couleurs et de nuances de couleurs. On a l’impression de se trouver devant un phénomène du même genre quand il s’agit pour l’être humain de se connaître lui-même. On ne s’étonnera donc pas qu’un mot aussi simple que le mot « changement » soit lui aussi un sujet de méprise et de malentendu.

En effet, on distingue deux types de changement[1] : le changement 1, qui, par exemple, consiste à déplacer les meubles dans la prison, et le changement 2 qui consiste à sortir de la prison. Watzlawick et col[2] le présentent ainsi : « En proie à un cauchemar, le rêveur a la possibilité de faire plusieurs choses en rêve : courir, se cacher, se battre, hurler, sauter d’une falaise, etc., mais aucun changement issu d’une de ces actions ne pourra mettre fin au cauchemar (changement 1.) La seule possibilité pour sortir d’un rêve comporte un changement allant du rêve à l’état de veille. Il est évident que l’état de veille ne fait plus parti du rêve, mais représente un changement complet (changement 2) ».

Lu 1173983 fois Dernière modification le dimanche, 09 juillet 2017 18:32

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